ERC-875: Simpler NFT standard with batching and native atomic swaps

Summary

A simple non fungible token standard that allows batching tokens into lots and settling p2p atomic transfers in one transaction. You can test out an example implementation on rinkeby here: https://rinkeby.etherscan.io/address/0xffab5ce7c012bc942f5ca0cd42c3c2e1ae5f0005 and view the repo here: https://github.com/alpha-wallet/ERC-Example

Purpose

While other standards allow the user to transfer a non-fungible token, they require one transaction per token, this is heavy on gas and partially responsible for clogging the ethereum network. There are also few definitions for how to do a simple atomic swap.

Rinkeby example

This standard has been implemented in an example contract on rinkeby: https://rinkeby.etherscan.io/address/0xffab5ce7c012bc942f5ca0cd42c3c2e1ae5f0005

Specification

function name() constant returns (string name)

returns the name of the contract e.g. CarLotContract

function symbol() constant returns (string symbol)

Returns a short string of the symbol of the in-fungible token, this should be short and generic as each token is non-fungible.

function balanceOf(address _owner) public view returns (uint256[] balance)

Returns an array of the users balance.

function transfer(address _to, uint256[] _tokens) public;

Transfer your unique tokens to an address by adding an array of the token indices. This compares favourable to ERC721 as you can transfer a bulk of tokens in one go rather than one at a time. This has a big gas saving as well as being more convenient.

function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256[] _tokens) public;

Transfer a variable amount of tokens from one user to another. This can be done from an authorised party with a specified key e.g. contract owner.

Optional functions

function totalSupply() constant returns (uint256 totalSupply);

Returns the total amount of tokens in the given contract, this should be optional as assets might be allocated and issued on the fly. This means that supply is not always fixed.

function ownerOf(uint256 _tokenId) public view returns (address _owner);

Returns the owner of a particular token, I think this should be optional as not every token contract will need to track the owner of a unique token and it costs gas to loop and map the token id owners each time the balances change.

function trade(uint256 expiryTimeStamp, uint256[] tokenIndices, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) public payable

A function which allows a user to sell a batch of non-fungible tokens without paying for the gas fee (only the buyer has to) in a p2p atomic swap. This is achieved by signing an attestation containing the amount of tokens to sell, the contract address, an expiry timestamp, the price and a prefix containing the ERC spec name and chain id. A buyer can then pay for the deal in one transaction by attaching the appropriate ether to satisfy the deal.

This design is also more efficient as it allows orders to be done offline until settlement as opposed to creating orders in a smart contract and updating them. The expiry timestamp protects the seller against people using old orders.

This opens up the gates for a p2p atomic swap but should be optional to this standard as some may not have use for it.

Some protections need to be added to the message such as encoding the chain id, contract address and the ERC spec name to prevent replays and spoofing people into signing message that allow a trade.

Interface

contract ERC165 
{
            /// @notice Query if a contract implements an interface
            /// @param interfaceID The interface identifier, as specified in ERC-165
            /// @dev Interface identification is specified in ERC-165. This function
            ///  uses less than 30,000 gas.
            /// @return `true` if the contract implements `interfaceID` and
            ///  `interfaceID` is not 0xffffffff, `false` otherwise
            function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceID) external view returns (bool);
}

interface ERC875 /* is ERC165 */
{
  event Transfer(address indexed _from, address indexed _to, uint256[] tokenIndices);

  function name() constant public returns (string name);
  function symbol() constant public returns (string symbol);
  function balanceOf(address _owner) public view returns (uint256[] _balances);
  function transfer(address _to, uint256[] _tokens) public;
  function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256[] _tokens) public;
}

//If you want the standard functions with atomic swap trading added
interface ERC875WithAtomicSwapTrading is ERC875 {
    function trade(
        uint256 expiryTimeStamp, 
        uint256[] tokenIndices,
        uint8 v, 
        bytes32 r, 
        bytes32 s
    ) public payable;
}

Example implementation

Please visit this repo to see an example implementation

Copyright

Copyright and related rights waived via CC0.

Citation

Please cite this document as:

Weiwu Zhang <a@colourful.land>, James Sangalli <j.l.sangalli@gmail.com>, "ERC-875: Simpler NFT standard with batching and native atomic swaps [DRAFT]," Ethereum Improvement Proposals, no. 875, February 2018. [Online serial]. Available: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-875.